ELECTRIC VEHICLE(EV) CHARGING STATIONS ARE GOING TO HOLD THE KEYS OF THE EV REVOLUTION

 

ELECTRIC VEHICLE(EV) CHARGING STATIONS ARE GOING TO HOLD  THE  KEYS OF THE EV REVOLUTION

 

Electric Vehicles (EVs) of all kinds are going to be the new generation masters of Automobile Industry World wide may be within a few years from now. Every major Automobile maker is working on EVs; some have already opened up their cards, and have even introduced products in the market, primarily in USA, UK, Europe or Japan those are always considered to be the preferred “first mover markets”. The big Chinese or Indian automobile markets are not too much behind however, there is a long way to go for the world with the EV Revolution.

The World is looking forward to the flock of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) with the following major advantages over all other types of automobiles that have been in the market for ages:

1.   Reducing Pollution out of Automobile Emissions and Sparing the Environment.

2.    Reducing dependence on Hydrocarbon Fuels or Biofuels

The Automobile Industry and the Automobile Manufacturers until now, were not bothered about how the vehicles will be fueled/refueled for its energy need. Because, the supply chain management of the Automobile Fuels ( primarily Hydro Carbon Fuels such as Petrol or Diesel or Biofuels such as Ethanol or Biodiesel ) was the business of Oil Companies world wide. The Fueling Stations ( Commonly called as Petrol/Diesel Pumps ) were common for every automobile vehicle and all kind of vehicles were fueled from the same pumps installed and maintained by the Oil Companies in their own way suiting to their own business models and operational modalities but fueling stations were ubiquitous in every nook and corner around the globe.   

The Electric Vehicles get their energy need in most simple terms, from a number of Batteries of different types installed inside the vehicle body. Until now every vehicle run on hydrocarbon fuel (or biofuel blend) had one battery only for the purpose of starting the vehicle into operation and may be lighting and sound need when not in operation and in idle condition and the hydrocarbon fuel/biofuel . The single battery used to get recharged through alternator installed in the vehicle. However, the EVs are run fully by a number of batteries which have to be repeatedly re-charged by Electric Current for a certain duration periodically. Therefore, the recharging of the number of batteries of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) is an external operation like refueling of the normal Automobile Vehicles of the market right now through a fuel pump. 

Thus, the Electric Vehicles ( EVs ) require a charging station supplying High Current supply with a much higher rating in terms of KW/H ( Kilowatts/Hour ) which is as of now according to the EVs that have come into the market are not possible as ordinary plug-socket electric operation rather a Special Type of Plug-Socket arrangement with specified Current Output in terms of KW/H delivery of the current to recharge the batteries of the EV. As of now, with the EVs that have come to the market it is seen that it is not possible to be a home operation and it has to be an outside operation with Specifically Designed Charging Stations only.

Also, it is being seen that the EV manufacturers are customizing the EV Charging Systems of their EVs in various ways regarding:

a)        The various types of batteries they use,  

b)        KW/H charging rate required to recharge the batteries,

c)       The time requirement to recharge the batteries

d)      Even the Plug-Socket Arrangement could be different for different manufacturers.

In such a case, the Charging Stations that would ultimately be used for recharging the batteries of the EVs can be thought of to be of various modalities as follows:

a) Exclusive type of Charging Stations to be used by EVs of a Specific Vehicle manufacturer only.

b)  Common Charging Stations which can recharge the batteries of EVs of a number of manufacturers.

c)  Home Charging Stations to be owned by the EV Owner to recharge the EV batteries at the Vehicle Owner’s home.

Further, depending on the external electric current requirement or availability to recharge the EV batteries there is a time duration to recharge the batteries of the Electric Vehicles. As of now, it has been observed that it may be some hours to completely recharge the EV batteries. Thus the EVs have to be parked in the Charging Stations for some hours to completely recharge the batteries. That is causing severe limitations in terms of Physical Space to Park the cars for hours and the number of EVs that can be charged at a Charging Station at any point of time.

Very recently I read, the EV manufacturer KIA motors has come out with an EV that has been just introduced in USA, the batteries of which can be charged in 20mins.

However, the limitations of Physical Space requirement and Time of Charging the EVs depending on the manufacturers’ specifications for their EV batteries will continue for quite some time till the time the solution in terms of easily acquirable home charging stations are made available with the Electric Vehicles (EVs) that can come with the EV and be used by the EV owner at his/her home or at the Vehicle Location just like a charger coming with the mobile phones right now.

In case of Mobile Phones, in reality the various types of chargers for different types of phone manufacturers is a menace to be handled by the society and environment. Sometime back, the European  Union (EU) decided that only one type of chargers could be used by all manufacturers for all the data-enabled mobile phones to reduce this menace. I am quoting some observations by giving the source linkage for the readers to know how EU had reacted to a complicated situation of the mobile phone chargers :

In the past, mobile telephones were only compatible with specific mobile telephone chargers. An estimated 500 million mobile phones were in use on 2009 in all EU countries.

The chargers used often varied according to the manufacturer and model; and more than 30 different types of charger were on the market. Apart from causing inconvenience to the consumer, this created unnecessary electronic waste.

The European Commission facilitated an agreement among major handset manufacturers to adopt a common charger for data-enabled mobile phones sold in the EU. In June 2009, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed in which mobile phone manufacturers agreed to harmonise chargers for new models of data-enabled handsets, coming onto the market as of 2011.

As a result, Europe's major mobile phone manufacturers agreed to adopt a universal charger for data-enabled mobile phones sold in the EU. The MoU committed the industry to provide charger compatibility on the basis of the micro-USB connector.

The Commission requested an Impact Assessment Study on Unbundling of Chargers among stakeholders to collect information for the 'Common Charger' initiative.

The Commission authorised a study to consider an appropriate legislative approach. It will analyse the impact of a common charger solution on consumers, the industry and the environment with assessment and guidance for possible implementation of different policy options.

Impact assessment study: common chargers of portable devices - December 2019.

 

( Source : https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/electrical-engineering/red-directive/common-charger_en  )

 

Right now the EVs are quite up-market products due to its high price range which is approximately 3-5 (3 to 5) times of comparable normal and standard vehicles run by hydrocarbon fuels or biofuel blends  ( high end luxury vehicles may be of much larger price difference depending on the vehicle manufacturer and brand ).

The two wheeler electric vehicles ( Scooters/Motorcycles ) are now available with home charging solutions. However, the two wheeler industry is not the flagship holder of the automobile industry, it is the Cars and other bigger Vehicles that are the considerations in this article.

The more of standardization that would come with the Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the days to come in terms of the batteries and their charging solutions vis-a-vis price tags, while right now the EV makers are in shear competition to customize their product to get first mover advantages, will make the EVs more adopted by the market as a mass used product.

While the World would look forward to the day that the Electric Vehicles (EVs) to be the Common Vehicle user’s product, the Charging Station solution for the EVs is going to hold the key of the EV Revolution of the World.


About the Author : Dr. Nimain Charan  Biswal is a B.Sc.(Agri. Science and Technology), M.B.A. and Ph.D.(Management Area ) by qualifications and he has 35+ years of work experience in both  industrial and development sectors in diversified fields of social importance. He has been educated at Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT)-Bhubaneswar, Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) and Gujarat University (with Resource Support of IIM-Ahmedabad). Dr.Biswal is further educated at IIM-Calcutta, XLRI-Jamshedpur, Apple Computer Industries and Spar Inc., USA. He has worked for reputed National and International Organisations in Senior/Top Management Capacities. He is a management expert covering extensive areas from management in agriculture, industrial management, development management to management of public systems. He is a prominent professional of India and known Internationally as well. He lives at Mumbai in India.


Comments

  1. Arkadiy KuznetsovJune 4, 2021 at 8:49 PM

    Hi Dr. NIMAIN
    I hope you are Ok. Continuing topic of your post I want to say a couple thins about EV expansion. On the one hand, we can see high popularity of EVs all over the world. But on the other hand, you are absolutely right discussing recharging stations for them. I think it is not only one the cornerstone in this area.
    I have great doubts about future of electric cars. I want to discuss several problems around EV. Firstly I would like to continue your topic about re-charging. In my opinion, it is not economical efficient case because of high-price for charging. First, the average efficiency coefficient of combustible power generation is 0,7. Then, average coefficient of losses for transmitting of energy is 0,2. Then, average coefficient of losses for transforming of energy is 0,2. Also energy spending for service suppling is 5 % of total energy capacity. Summarizing all losses we can get coefficient of energy efficiency before charging: ((0,7 -20%)-20%)-5%= 0,42. I suppose the efficiency coefficient of car storage is 0,9 and efficiency coefficient of car’s electrical motors is 0,9. In summary we get fuel efficiency is 0,34. Comparing this coefficient with the such efficiency of car with diesel engine which is 0,35 we cannot get fuel efficiency for declining damage of carbon emission. Secondly, it is cost of charging. According to advertising of cars’ manufacturers we can see different range of technical characteristics for energy consuming from 12KW/H to 30 KW/H. let’s take average 21KW/H. Average autonomy for one charge is 450 km. Average time for overcoming 450 km in mixed regime is 9 hours. It means one charging must supply (9 hours * 21 KW/H =) 190 KW/H during 40 minutes. Average cost of charge is 190 KW/H * USD 0,2KW/H = USD 38. Comparing costs with fossil fuel we can find: 450 km of distance requires 36 liters of fuel it equals 9,7 gallons * 3 USD/Gallon = 29 USD. It means fossil fuel is cheaper than electric charging. Thirdly, one power charging point need to provide (190KW/H / 40min (or 67%) =) 290KW of power capacity. If one re-charging station included 50 charging point it required 15 MW total power capacity. It needed power substation with power more than 15 MW, power transmission line, special stuff, etc. I don’t remind about CAPEX and OPEX. Fourth, it is batteries recycling. Finally, climate conditions on the North and the highlands make EV less efficient than combustible engines’ cars.
    In sum up, I want to definite my point of view about the EV’s topic. The electrical cars could be used for urban connections only and just small cars could be competitive because of usage of current infrastructure. Sea, railway and air transports are needed for connecting between regions and countries. Combustible engines’ transport has to provide service on the North and the highlands.
    Regards

    ReplyDelete

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